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ESP32-S3 Plant Watering System - Project Plan v2.0

Updated: January 2025

Project Overview

Goal: Automated plant watering system with remote monitoring/control
Hardware: ESP32-S3-MINI-1, TB6612FNG motor driver, 2 pumps, 2 soil moisture sensors
Software: ESP-IDF v6, MQTT communication, OTA updates, NTP time sync, Scheduling
Infrastructure: Docker-based Mosquitto MQTT broker, local network deployment

Project Status Summary

  • Phase 1: Core Infrastructure ✅ COMPLETED
  • Phase 2: Hardware Integration 🚧 75% COMPLETE (Motors done, Sensors pending)
  • Phase 3: Automation Logic ✅ COMPLETED (via Scheduler)
  • Phase 4: Enhanced Features 🚧 50% COMPLETE
  • Phase 5: Production Polish 📋 TODO

Phase 1: Core Infrastructure ✅ COMPLETED

1.1 Development Environment ✅

  • ESP-IDF v6 in Docker container
  • Build system configured
  • Project structure created

1.2 WiFi Manager ✅

  • Auto-connect to configured network
  • Credential storage in NVS
  • Auto-reconnection on disconnect
  • Event callbacks for state changes

1.3 OTA Server ✅

  • HTTP server on port 80
  • Web interface for firmware upload
  • Progress tracking
  • Version management
  • Rollback capability

1.4 MQTT Client ✅

  • Connection with authentication
  • Auto-reconnect with exponential backoff
  • Last Will and Testament
  • NVS credential storage
  • Comprehensive publish/subscribe implementation
  • Topics implemented:
    • plant_watering/status
    • plant_watering/moisture/[1-2]
    • plant_watering/pump/[1-2]/set
    • plant_watering/pump/[1-2]/state
    • plant_watering/pump/[1-2]/speed
    • plant_watering/schedule/*
    • plant_watering/system/*
    • plant_watering/commands/*

Phase 2: Hardware Integration 🚧 75% COMPLETE

2.1 Motor Control Module ✅ COMPLETED

Files: motor_control.c/h

  • TB6612FNG driver implementation ✅
  • PWM control for pump speed ✅
  • Direction control ✅
  • Safety features:
    • Maximum runtime limit ✅
    • Minimum interval between runs ✅
    • Soft start (500ms ramp) ✅
    • Emergency stop ✅
  • Manual override via MQTT ✅
  • State tracking and reporting ✅
  • Runtime statistics with NVS persistence ✅
  • Tested and working with hardware ✅

2.2 Moisture Sensor Module ⏸️ ON HOLD

File: moisture_sensor.c/h

  • ADC configuration for 2 sensors
  • Calibration system
  • Reading stabilization
  • Percentage conversion
  • Sensor fault detection Note: Awaiting hardware delivery

2.3 Hardware Integration Testing 🚧 PARTIAL

  • Pump operation verified
  • PWM speed control tested
  • Safety features validated
  • Moisture sensor integration (pending hardware)
  • Full system integration test

Phase 3: Automation Logic ✅ COMPLETED (via Scheduler)

3.1 Time-Based Scheduling ✅ COMPLETED

Files: scheduler.c/h

  • Multiple schedule types:
    • Interval-based (every X minutes) ✅
    • Time of day (daily at specific time) ✅
    • Day-specific (specific days at time) ✅
  • Per-pump scheduling (4 schedules each) ✅
  • NVS persistence ✅
  • MQTT configuration ✅
  • Holiday mode ✅
  • Manual trigger for testing ✅

3.2 Time Synchronization ✅ COMPLETED

  • NTP client implementation ✅
  • Multiple NTP servers ✅
  • Manual time setting fallback ✅
  • Timezone support (MST default) ✅
  • Time status reporting ✅

3.3 Schedule Management ✅ COMPLETED

  • Create/update schedules via MQTT ✅
  • View all schedules on demand ✅
  • Enable/disable without deletion ✅
  • Execution notifications ✅
  • Error reporting ✅

3.4 Moisture-Based Automation ⏸️ PENDING

  • Awaiting sensor hardware
  • Will integrate with scheduler when available

Phase 4: Enhanced MQTT & Monitoring 🚧 50% COMPLETE

4.1 Expanded MQTT Topics ✅ COMPLETED

Comprehensive topic structure implemented:

plant_watering/
├── status/esp32/*
├── pump/[1-2]/*
├── schedule/*
├── system/*
├── settings/*
├── alerts/*
└── commands/*

4.2 JSON Payloads ✅ COMPLETED

  • Structured data for schedules ✅
  • Status messages ✅
  • Configuration updates ✅
  • Built-in JSON parsing (no external deps) ✅

4.3 Alert System 🚧 PARTIAL

  • Pump malfunction alerts
  • Schedule execution errors
  • Low moisture alerts (pending sensors)
  • Water tank monitoring (future)

4.4 Remote Configuration ✅ COMPLETED

  • MQTT-based settings updates ✅
  • Validation and bounds checking ✅
  • Persistent storage in NVS ✅
  • Runtime parameter changes ✅

Phase 5: Production Features 📋 TODO

5.1 Web Dashboard 📋 TODO

  • Real-time status display
  • Historical graphs
  • Manual control interface
  • Schedule configuration UI
  • Mobile-responsive design

5.2 Home Assistant Integration 📋 TODO

  • MQTT Discovery implementation
  • Device registry
  • Entity configuration
  • Automation examples

5.3 Advanced Features 📋 TODO

  • Multi-zone support (>2 zones)
  • Flow sensor integration
  • Weather API integration
  • Predictive watering
  • Water usage tracking

5.4 Production Hardening 🚧 PARTIAL

  • Watchdog timer (system level)
  • Enhanced error recovery
  • Factory reset mechanism
  • Diagnostic mode
  • Memory monitoring

Current Capabilities

Working Features

  1. Remote Control: Full MQTT control of pumps
  2. Scheduling: Time-based watering with multiple schedule types
  3. Safety: Runtime limits, cooldown periods, emergency stop
  4. Monitoring: Real-time status, statistics, time sync status
  5. OTA Updates: Web-based firmware updates
  6. Persistence: Settings and schedules survive reboots
  7. Time Management: NTP sync with manual fallback

Tested and Verified

  • Motor control with PWM speed adjustment
  • Schedule execution (time_of_day and days_time modes)
  • MQTT command processing
  • Safety features (max runtime, min interval)
  • OTA firmware updates
  • NVS persistence
  • Time synchronization

Hardware Connections (Reference)

ESP32-S3 to TB6612FNG ✅ VERIFIED

ESP32-S3    TB6612FNG    Status
GPIO4    -> AIN1         ✅ Working
GPIO5    -> AIN2         ✅ Working
GPIO6    -> BIN1         ✅ Working
GPIO7    -> BIN2         ✅ Working
GPIO8    -> PWMA         ✅ Working
GPIO9    -> PWMB         ✅ Working
GPIO10   -> STBY         ✅ Working
GND      -> GND          ✅ Connected
3.3V     -> VCC          ✅ Connected

Moisture Sensors ⏸️ PENDING

Sensor 1 -> GPIO1 (ADC1_CHANNEL_0) - Awaiting hardware
Sensor 2 -> GPIO2 (ADC1_CHANNEL_1) - Awaiting hardware

Next Steps

Immediate (This Week)

  1. ✅ Test interval scheduling mode
  2. ⏸️ Install moisture sensors when they arrive
  3. ✅ Document all MQTT topics comprehensively
  4. ⏸️ Create basic web dashboard mockup

Short Term (Next Month)

  1. Implement moisture sensor module
  2. Integrate moisture readings with scheduler
  3. Add moisture-based automation rules
  4. Implement Home Assistant discovery

Long Term

  1. Multi-zone expansion (>2 pumps)
  2. Weather API integration
  3. Water usage analytics
  4. Mobile app development

Success Metrics

  • ✅ Reliable WiFi/MQTT connectivity (achieved)
  • ✅ Accurate time-based scheduling (achieved)
  • ✅ Precise watering control (achieved)
  • ✅ OTA updates without service interruption (achieved)
  • ✅ Response time < 1 second for commands (achieved)
  • ⏳ Accurate moisture readings (±5%) - pending hardware
  • ⏳ 30-day uptime without intervention - in progress
  • ⏳ < 100mA average power consumption - to be measured

Known Issues

  1. None currently - system stable

Risk Mitigation

  • ✅ Implemented watchdog timers
  • ✅ Added redundant safety checks
  • ✅ Local schedule storage (survives network loss)
  • ✅ Comprehensive error logging
  • ⏸️ Sensor corrosion prevention (pending hardware)

Version History

  • v2.2.0-scheduler: Full scheduling system with NTP
  • v2.1.0-motor: Motor control implementation
  • v2.0.0-mqtt: MQTT integration
  • v1.0.1: OTA-enabled base
  • v1.0.0: Initial template

Documentation Status

  • ✅ README.md - Comprehensive project overview
  • ✅ MOTOR_CONTROL_README.md - Motor control details
  • ✅ SCHEDULER_README.md - Scheduling system guide
  • ⏸️ MQTT_TOPICS.md - To be created
  • ⏸️ API_REFERENCE.md - To be created

Notes

  • Scheduler tested with days_time mode - working correctly
  • Time sync typically completes within 30 seconds of boot
  • System handles DST transitions automatically
  • All safety features have been validated with hardware