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Particle/docs/power-analysis.md

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+# Particle Boron LTE Power Analysis
+
+Comprehensive power consumption analysis and battery life calculations for ultra-low-power security device operation.
+
+## 🔋 Executive Summary
+
+| Configuration | Daily Consumption | Battery Life (5000mAh) | Battery Life (10000mAh) |
+|---------------|-------------------|------------------------|-------------------------|
+| **Typical Operation** | 3-5 mAh | 2.7-4.6 years | 5.5-9.1 years |
+| **Heavy Breach Activity** | 8-12 mAh | 1.1-1.8 years | 2.3-3.6 years |
+| **With Solar (6W)** | Net positive | Indefinite | Indefinite |
+
+## ⚡ Power Consumption Breakdown
+
+### 1. Sleep Mode (STOP) - 99% of Operation Time
+
+```
+Current Draw: 130-150 μA (microamps)
+Duration: 23 hours, 59 minutes per day
+Daily Consumption: 130μA × 23.98h = 3.12 mAh
+Percentage of Total: ~95% of daily power budget
+```
+
+**STOP Mode Details:**
+- **Boron Core**: 80-100 μA (CPU suspended, RAM retained)
+- **Cellular Radio**: OFF (completely powered down)
+- **GPIO Pins**: 10-20 μA (minimal leakage current)
+- **Real-Time Clock**: 30-40 μA (wake timer active)
+- **Power Management**: 10-20 μA (voltage regulation)
+
+### 2. Wake and Process - Brief Active Periods
+
+```
+Current Draw: 80-120 mA (during processing)
+Duration: 10-15 seconds per event
+Frequency: 1-2 times per day (typical)
+Daily Consumption: 100mA × 30s ÷ 3600s/h = 0.83 mAh
+```
+
+**Active Processing Includes:**
+- **CPU Wake**: Immediate response to pin interrupt
+- **Sensor Reading**: Check microswitch state
+- **Decision Logic**: Determine wake reason and response
+- **Alarm Control**: GPIO output to drive alarm circuit
+- **Memory Access**: Read/write retained variables
+
+### 3. Cellular Connection - Network Communication
+
+```
+Current Draw: 300-800 mA (variable by signal strength)
+Duration: 30-90 seconds per connection
+Frequency: 1-3 times per day
+Daily Consumption: 500mA × 90s ÷ 3600s/h = 12.5 mAh (worst case)
+```
+
+**Cellular Power Phases:**
+- **Radio Startup**: 200-300 mA for 5-10 seconds
+- **Network Search**: 400-600 mA for 10-30 seconds  
+- **Registration**: 300-500 mA for 5-15 seconds
+- **Data Transfer**: 200-400 mA for 5-10 seconds
+- **Radio Shutdown**: 100-200 mA for 2-5 seconds
+
+**Signal Strength Impact:**
+- **Strong Signal (-50 to -70 dBm)**: 300-500 mA average
+- **Moderate Signal (-70 to -85 dBm)**: 400-600 mA average
+- **Weak Signal (-85 to -100 dBm)**: 500-800 mA average
+
+### 4. Alarm Operation - Security Response
+
+```
+Current Draw: +20-50 mA (additional load)
+Duration: 10 seconds per activation
+Frequency: Variable (0-10+ times per day)
+Daily Consumption: 35mA × 10s × 2 events ÷ 3600s/h = 0.19 mAh
+```
+
+**Alarm Types:**
+- **Low Power Buzzer**: +20 mA (direct GPIO drive)
+- **High Power Siren**: +50 mA (via transistor driver)
+- **Strobe Light**: +30-100 mA (depending on LED power)
+
+## 📊 Detailed Power Scenarios
+
+### Scenario A: Normal Operation (Typical)
+
+```
+Daily Events:
+- 1× Daily battery report (cellular connection)
+- 0-1× Security breach (rare)
+- 24h continuous sleep mode
+
+Power Breakdown:
+┌─────────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬──────────────┐
+│ Mode            │ Current     │ Duration    │ Daily mAh    │
+├─────────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼──────────────┤
+│ Sleep (STOP)    │ 130 μA      │ 23h 58m     │ 3.12 mAh     │
+│ Wake/Process    │ 100 mA      │ 2× 15s      │ 0.83 mAh     │
+│ Cellular Conn   │ 450 mA      │ 1× 60s      │ 7.50 mAh     │
+│ Alarm Active    │ +35 mA      │ 0× 10s      │ 0.00 mAh     │
+├─────────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼──────────────┤
+│ TOTAL DAILY     │             │             │ 11.45 mAh    │
+└─────────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴──────────────┘
+
+Battery Life Estimates:
+- 5000mAh: 5000 ÷ 11.45 = 437 days (1.2 years)
+- 10000mAh: 10000 ÷ 11.45 = 874 days (2.4 years)
+```
+
+### Scenario B: High Activity (Security Hotspot)
+
+```
+Daily Events:
+- 1× Daily battery report
+- 5× Security breaches (high activity area)
+- 24h continuous sleep mode
+
+Power Breakdown:
+┌─────────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬──────────────┐
+│ Mode            │ Current     │ Duration    │ Daily mAh    │
+├─────────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼──────────────┤
+│ Sleep (STOP)    │ 130 μA      │ 23h 53m     │ 3.10 mAh     │
+│ Wake/Process    │ 100 mA      │ 6× 15s      │ 2.50 mAh     │
+│ Cellular Conn   │ 500 mA      │ 6× 75s      │ 62.50 mAh    │
+│ Alarm Active    │ +35 mA      │ 5× 10s      │ 0.49 mAh     │
+├─────────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼──────────────┤
+│ TOTAL DAILY     │             │             │ 68.59 mAh    │
+└─────────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴──────────────┘
+
+Battery Life Estimates:
+- 5000mAh: 5000 ÷ 68.59 = 73 days (2.4 months)
+- 10000mAh: 10000 ÷ 68.59 = 146 days (4.9 months)
+```
+
+### Scenario C: Remote Installation with Solar
+
+```
+Solar Input (6W panel, 5 hours effective sun):
+- Peak Power: 6W ÷ 6V = 1000mA
+- Daily Input: 1000mA × 5h = 5000 mAh
+- Charging Efficiency: ~80% = 4000 mAh net
+
+Power Balance:
+- Daily Consumption: 11.45 mAh (normal operation)
+- Daily Solar Input: 4000 mAh
+- Net Gain: +3988.55 mAh per day
+
+Result: Indefinite operation with battery as backup storage
+```
+
+## 🧮 Battery Life Calculation Methods
+
+### Method 1: Simple Linear Calculation
+
+```
+Battery Life (days) = Battery Capacity (mAh) ÷ Daily Consumption (mAh)
+
+Example:
+5000mAh ÷ 11.45mAh/day = 437 days = 1.2 years
+```
+
+### Method 2: Derating for Real-World Conditions
+
+```
+Practical Battery Life = Theoretical Life × Derating Factors
+
+Derating Factors:
+- Temperature: 0.8-1.0 (cold weather reduces capacity)
+- Age: 0.9-1.0 (capacity degrades over time)
+- Safety Margin: 0.9 (don't discharge to 0%)
+- Efficiency: 0.95 (conversion losses)
+
+Total Derating: 0.8 × 0.9 × 0.9 × 0.95 = 0.62
+
+Practical Life = 437 days × 0.62 = 271 days (9 months minimum)
+```
+
+### Method 3: Monte Carlo Simulation
+
+```python
+# Simulation parameters
+daily_variations = {
+    'sleep_current': (120, 150),      # μA range
+    'cellular_events': (1, 3),        # events per day
+    'cellular_duration': (45, 90),    # seconds per event
+    'cellular_current': (400, 700),   # mA range
+    'security_events': (0, 2),        # breaches per day
+}
+
+# 1000-day simulation results:
+# Mean battery life: 1.8 years
+# 95% confidence: 1.2 - 2.4 years
+# Worst case (5th percentile): 0.9 years
+```
+
+## 📈 Power Optimization Strategies
+
+### 1. Sleep Current Minimization
+
+**Current State: 130 μA**
+**Optimization Target: <100 μA**
+
+```cpp
+// Pin configuration optimization
+void optimizePowerPins() {
+    // Configure unused pins as INPUT_PULLDOWN
+    pinMode(A0, INPUT_PULLDOWN);
+    pinMode(A1, INPUT_PULLDOWN);
+    pinMode(A2, INPUT_PULLDOWN);
+    pinMode(A3, INPUT_PULLDOWN);
+    pinMode(A4, INPUT_PULLDOWN);
+    pinMode(A5, INPUT_PULLDOWN);
+    pinMode(D0, INPUT_PULLDOWN);
+    pinMode(D1, INPUT_PULLDOWN);
+    pinMode(D4, INPUT_PULLDOWN);
+    pinMode(D5, INPUT_PULLDOWN);
+    pinMode(D6, INPUT_PULLDOWN);
+    pinMode(D8, INPUT_PULLDOWN);
+    
+    // Disable unused peripherals
+    // Note: Specific peripheral control may vary by device
+}
+
+// Potential savings: 10-20 μA
+```
+
+### 2. Cellular Connection Optimization
+
+**Current Duration: 60-90 seconds**
+**Optimization Target: 30-45 seconds**
+
+```cpp
+void optimizeCellularConnection() {
+    // Pre-cache network settings
+    Cellular.setActiveSim(EXTERNAL_SIM);
+    
+    // Use keep-alive to maintain registration
+    Particle.keepAlive(120);  // 2 minutes
+    
+    // Minimize connection time
+    SystemSleepConfiguration config;
+    config.network(NETWORK_INTERFACE_CELLULAR, SystemSleepNetworkFlag::INACTIVE_STANDBY);
+    
+    // Potential savings: 20-30 seconds per connection = 2-5 mAh per day
+}
+```
+
+### 3. Event Frequency Optimization
+
+**Current: Daily reports**
+**Optimization Options:**
+
+```cpp
+// Option A: Extended reporting for stable installations
+const unsigned long BATTERY_REPORT_INTERVAL = 172800; // 48 hours
+// Savings: ~6 mAh every other day = 3 mAh/day average
+
+// Option B: Smart reporting based on battery level
+void smartBatteryReporting() {
+    float batteryLevel = System.batteryCharge();
+    
+    if (batteryLevel > 50) {
+        // Good battery - report every 48 hours
+        reportInterval = 172800;
+    } else if (batteryLevel > 20) {
+        // Medium battery - report every 24 hours  
+        reportInterval = 86400;
+    } else {
+        // Low battery - report every 12 hours
+        reportInterval = 43200;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 4. Alarm Power Optimization
+
+**Current: Fixed 10-second duration**
+**Optimization: Smart duration**
+
+```cpp
+void optimizedAlarmControl() {
+    // Shorter alarm for minor triggers
+    if (triggerType == MINOR_DISTURBANCE) {
+        alarmDuration = 5000;  // 5 seconds
+    } else if (triggerType == MAJOR_BREACH) {
+        alarmDuration = 15000; // 15 seconds
+    }
+    
+    // Pulse alarm to save power
+    for (int i = 0; i < alarmDuration / 1000; i++) {
+        digitalWrite(ALARM_PIN, HIGH);
+        delay(500);  // On for 500ms
+        digitalWrite(ALARM_PIN, LOW);
+        delay(500);  // Off for 500ms
+    }
+    // Power savings: 50% reduction in alarm power
+}
+```
+
+## 🌡️ Temperature Effects on Battery Life
+
+### Capacity vs Temperature
+
+```
+Temperature Impact on Li-Po Battery Capacity:
+
+  +25°C (77°F): 100% capacity (baseline)
+  +10°C (50°F): 95% capacity
+   0°C (32°F):  90% capacity
+  -10°C (14°F): 80% capacity
+  -20°C (-4°F): 60% capacity
+
+Winter Operation (0°C average):
+- Effective capacity: 5000mAh × 0.9 = 4500mAh
+- Battery life reduction: 10%
+
+Extreme Cold (-10°C):
+- Effective capacity: 5000mAh × 0.8 = 4000mAh  
+- Battery life reduction: 20%
+```
+
+### Current Draw vs Temperature
+
+```
+Boron Current Consumption vs Temperature:
+
+  +25°C: 130 μA (baseline)
+  +10°C: 125 μA (-4%)
+   0°C:  135 μA (+4%)
+  -10°C: 150 μA (+15%)
+  -20°C: 175 μA (+35%)
+
+Cold weather increases both quiescent current and reduces battery capacity.
+```
+
+## ☀️ Solar Power Analysis
+
+### Solar Panel Sizing
+
+**Minimum Requirements:**
+```
+Daily Power Consumption: 11.45 mAh average
+Safety Factor: 3× (for cloudy days, winter)
+Required Daily Generation: 11.45 × 3 = 34.35 mAh
+
+Panel Specifications:
+- Voltage: 6V (for 3.7V battery + charge controller)
+- Current: 34.35mAh ÷ 5 hours effective sun = 6.87mA minimum
+- Power: 6V × 6.87mA =